Annex Publishers

e article shows that the Gibbs energy (free energy) is not energy and that work is done due to the heat of the environ ment, not the Gibbs energy. e change in Gibbs energy at constant values of temperature and pressure in most cases was explained by the performance of work due to Gibbs energy. Gibbs energy has the dimension of energy and this forces many to believe that Gibbs energy is energy. However, work is actually performed due to the heat of the environ ment in an amount equal to the change in Gibbs energy. If , then the process can be used for another process. A decrease in at constant values of and leads the system to equilibrium when .

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) , a prevalent and severe chronic complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of chronic kid ney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The pathophysiology of DKD is multifactorial, involving dysregulated glycolipid metabolism, hemodynamic abnormalities, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivation, inflam mation, autophagy impairment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic/epigenetic dysregulation. Emerg ing evidence highlights inflammation as a central driver of DKD progression

Liver cirrhosis remains a major health issue globally. Serum magnesium y is common among liver cirrhosis pa tients, but there are very limited large-scale studies on it. Our study aimed to investigate the serum magnesium level of cir rhotic patients and determine the distribution of serum magnesium y in t etiologies among liver cirrhosis patients, in Hangzhou, China.

Sjogren’s disease is a chronic autoimmune disease with a wide range of symptoms. A patient can first experience symptoms from dry eyes or dry mouth to eventually progressing to more severe symptoms that can affect several organs in the body. Hair loss can be one of the symptoms that physicians might see as less severe but can have a negative impact on a person’s quality of life.