Annex Publishers

Background: Calprotectin (CPL) is a marker of neutrophil-induced inflammation. Objective: Assess whether salivary CPL could be a useful marker of chronic inflammation. Methods: All relevant data were collected about patients who consulted from 2024 October 20th to December 20th and who had a previous medical history of periodontitis (PO).Patients were classified according to the level of salivary CPL. The CPL threshold for active PO and/or Fusobacterium nucleatum + Porphyromonas gingivalis (Fn+Pg) on dental collets was determined. Patients with PO remission, without Fn+Pg on dental collets and below the identified threshold were attributed to group A. Other patients were attributed to group B. Both groups were compared

Background: This study examined the rising incidence and prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) across age, gender, and regions in Himachal Pradesh to inform targeted public health strategies. Methods: CKD incidence data were collected from various age groups, gender, and blocks. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were used to assess the significance of differences in CKD case distribution by age, gender, temporal and region. Results: The significant spatial, temporal, gender, and age-related variations in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) prevalence across Himachal Pradesh (2014–2023), with Shimla showing the highest prevalence. CKD disproportionately affects male (60.2%) Mashobra (20.4%) reports the highest CKD cases, followed by Theog (12.3%), and Kupvi (2.4%) the lowest. Significant gender differences across blocks are confirmed (χ² = 26.436, p < .01). Chi-square analysis (χ² = 18.423, p < .05) revealed significant gender disparities in CKD cases from 2014 to 2023, with peaks in 2023 (16.9%) and a low in 2017 (6%). Chisquare analysis (χ² = 41.076, p < .000) showed a significant age-gender association in CKD, with the highest number of cases in 57–67 years (637) and lowest in <17 years (12). Chi-square analysis (χ² = 124.625, p < .000) revealed significant age-year associations in CKD cases, with peaks in 2023 (441 cases), predominantly among 57–67 years (117 cases)

The Plasmodium falciparum T-cell immunomodulatory protein homolog, PfTIP, is a novel invasion-related protein that is thought to play additional roles in modulating host immune responses to the infection. We examined the cellular localiza tion and secretion patterns of PfTIP in laboratory cultured Plasmodium falciparum parasites and in naturally infected indivi duals, and investigated the association between plasma levels of the protein and host immune responses

Background: The UN-Habitat reported that about 65% of Nigeria's urban population lives in slums, while millions are with out access to basic amenities including clean water, sanitation, and adequate housing. The impact of slum environments on specific diseases has also been documented, highlighting a need to review the causes in a single study and provide a compre hensive understanding of current issues.