Figure 1: Hierarchical explanatory model of consumption of fruits and vegetables in baselineparticipants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais - CUME Project, 2016, 2018.

BLOCK 1 - SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS

Variable

n

(%)

Adequate Consumption of FV (%) †

OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Marital Status

 

 

 

 

 

Single

1887

(45.8)

57.1

1

 

 

Married/Stable Union

1982

(48.1)

65.7

1.26

(1.27-1.64)

<0.001‡

Separated

198

(4.8)

72.2

1.41

(1.41-2.70)

<0.001‡

Widower/Others

57

(1.4)

73.7

1.16

(1.16-3.82)

<0.001‡

Education

 

 

 

 

 

 

University graduate

1136

(27.5)

57.0

1

 

 

Specialization

991

(24.0)

66.6

1.50

(1.26-1.79)

<0.001‡

Master’s degree

1195

(29.0)

60.6

1.16

(0.98-1.36)

0.082‡

Doctorate/Post-Doc

802

(19.5)

66.5

1.49

(1.24-1.80)

<0.001‡

Professional situation

 

 

 

 

 

 

Works §

3127

(75,8)

63.2

1

 

 

Student

628

(15,2)

56.4

0.75

(0.63-0.90)

0.001‡

Retired/Housewives

97

(2,4)

83.5

2.95

(1.72-5.07)

<0.001‡

Unemployed

272

(6,6)

57.0

0.77

(0.60-0.99)

0.044‡

Individual Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

≤ 5xMW

1965

(47,6)

58.9

1

 

 

Between 5xMW and 10xMW

1442

(35,0)

62.8

1.18

(1.02-1.35)

0.021‡

≥ 10xMW

717

(17,4)

69.9

1.62

(1.35-1.94)

<0.001‡

Family Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

≤ 5xMW

884

(21,4)

58.5

1

 

 

Between 5xMW and 10xMW

1365

(33,1)

60.4

1.09

(0.91-1.29)

0.356

≥ 10xMW

1875

(45,5)

65.2

1.33

(1.13-1.57)

0.001‡
† Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables: consumption equal to or greater than 400g per day (World Health Organization).
§ Full/Part-time and/or Informal work MW, minimum wage (R$880.00 in 2016, R$954.00 in 2018).
OR, Odds Ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Univariate Logistic Regression.
‡ p < 0.20, variable included in the formation of the final hierarchical model.
Table 1: Univariate analysis model between socioeconomic factors and adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (dependent variable), in baseline participants of the Cohort of Minas Gerais Universities - CUME Project, 2016, 2018.

BLOCK 2 - BEHAVIORAL FACTORS

Variable

n

(%)

Adequate Consumption of FV (%) †

OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Physical Activity

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inactive

990

(24.0)

50.4

1

 

 

Insufficiently active

833

(20.2)

60.5

1.51

(1.26-1.82)

<0.001‡

Active

2301

(55.8)

67.9

2.08

(1.79-2.42)

<0.001‡

Binge Drinking a

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

2409

(58.4)

63.9

1

 

 

Yes

1715

(41.6)

59.8

0.84

(0.74-0.96)

0.055‡

Cigarette use (tobacco)

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

3769

(91.4)

62.6

1

 

 

Yes

355

(8.6)

57.5

0.81

(0.65-1.00)

<0.001‡

Consumption of legumes b

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

1583

(38.4)

58.6

1

 

 

Yes

2541

(61.6)

64.5

1.28

(1.13-1.46)

<0.001‡

Consumption of natural juicesc

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

2952

(71.6)

56.9

1

 

 

Yes

1172

(28.4)

75.5

2.33

(2.00-2.72)

<0.001‡

Relative consumption (%) of ultra-processed foods

 

 

 

(Mean: 24.5% – 95% CI: 24.1-24.8)

0.95

(0.94-0.95)

<0.001‡

Consumption of fast foods c

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

3547

(86.0)

63.6

1

 

 

 

Yes

577

(14.0)

53.7

0.66

(0.56-0.79)

<0.001‡

Consumption of soft drinks and industrialized juices

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

3494

(84.7)

63.2

1

 

 

Yes

630

(15.3)

56.8

0.77

(0.65-0.91)

0.003‡
† Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables: consumption equal to or greater than 400g per day (World Health Organization).
a Binge Drinking: episodic heavy drinking
b Beans and lentils (daily)
c Natural fruit juices, not included in the ortion of fruits and vegetables of the outcome under analysis (daily)
d Hot dogs and hamburgers (weekly)
OR, Odds Ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Univariate Logistic Regression.
‡ p < 0.20, variable included in the formation of the final hierarchical model.
Table 2: Univariate analysis model between associated behavioral factors and adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, in baseline participants of the Cohort of Minas Gerais Universities - CUME Project, 2016, 2018.

BLOCK 3 – INDIVIDUAL FACTORS

Variable

n

(%)

Adequate Consumption of FV (%) †

OR

(95% CI)

p-value

Sex

 

 

 

 

 

Male

1316

(31.9)

59.3

1

 

 

Female

2808

(68.1)

63.5

1.19

(1.04-1.36)

0.010‡

Age Classification

 

 

 

 

 

 

20 – 29 years

1172

(28.4)

53.4

1

 

 

30 - 39 years

1750

(42.4)

58.6

1.24

(1.06-1.43)

0.005‡

40 - 49 years

754

(18.3)

72.8

2.34

(1.92-2.84)

<0.001‡

50 - 59 years

345

(8.4)

80.9

3.69

(2.75-4.93)

<0.001‡

≥ 60 years

103

(2.5)

82.5

4.12

(2.44-6.94)

<0.001‡

Skin Color

 

 

 

 

 

 

White

2683

(65.1)

61.9

 

 

 

Brown/Black

1400

(33.9)

63.0

1.05

(0.92-1.20)

0.480

Yellow/Indigenous

41

(1.00)

56.1

0.79

(0.42-1.47)

0.451

Self-reported Health Status

 

 

 

 

 

 

Very Good

1584

(38.5)

66.7

1

 

 

Good

2061

(50.0)

60.0

0.74

(0.65-0.86)

<0.001‡

Fair

418

(10.2)

57.2

0.67

(0.53-0.83)

<0.001‡

Poor/Very Bad

55

(1.3)

54.5

0.60

(0.35-1.03)

0.063‡

Nutritional Status

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eutrophy

2323

(56.4)

62.4

1

 

 

Overweight

1171

(28.4)

63.2

1.03

(0.89-1.19)

0.637

Obesity

482

(11.7)

60.8

0.93

(0.76-1.14)

0.513

Low weight

146

(3.5)

54.4

0.75

(0.54-1.05)

0.097‡

Presence of SAH

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

2435

(59.0)

61.4

1

 

 

Yes

1689

(41.0)

63.4

1.09

(0.96-1.24)

0.203

Presence of DM

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

3996

(96,9)

61.9

1

 

 

Yes

128

(3.1)

72.7

1.64

(1.10-2.43)

0.014‡

Presence of Depression

 

 

 

 

 

 

No

3611

(87.6)

62.3

1

 

 

Yes

513

(12.4)

61.6

0.97

(0.80-1.17)

0.765
† Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables: consumption equal to or greater than 400g per day (World Health Organization).
BMI, Body Mass Index. SAH, Systemic Arterial Hypertension. DM, Diabetes Mellitus.
OR, Odds Ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Univariate Logistic Regression.
‡ p < 0.20, variable included in the formation of the final hierarchical model.
Table 3: Univariate analysis model of individual factors associated with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, in baseline participants of the Cohort of Minas Gerais Universities - CUME Project, 2016, 2018.

BLOCK 1 – SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS

Variable

OR

95% CI

p-value

No variables from this block remained in the final hierarchical model

BLOCK 2 – BEHAVIORAL FACTORS

Variable

 

OR

95% CI

p-value

Physical Activity

 

Inactive

1

Insufficiently active

 

1.36

(1.11-1.66)

0.003*

Active

 

2.10

(1.78-2.47)

<0.001*

Consumption of legumes a

 

No

 

1

Yes

 

1.21

(1.05-1.39)

0.007*

Consumption of natural juices b

 

No

 

1

Yes

 

2.00

(1.70-2.34)

<0.001*

Relative consumption (%) of ultra-processed foods

 

 

0.96

(0.95-0.97)

<0.001*

BLOCK 3 – INDIVIDUAL FACTORS

Variable

 

OR

95% CI

p-value

Sex

 

Male

 

Female

 

1.41

(1.21-1.64)

<0.001*

Age Classification

 

20 – 29 years

 

1

30 - 39 years

 

1.14

(0.97-1.35)

0.107

40 - 49 years

 

2.13

(1.69-2.67)

<0.001*

50 - 59 years

 

3.07

(2.23-4.24)

<0.001*

≥ 60 years

 

3.41

(1.96-5.95)

<0.001*
Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables: consumption equal to or greater than 400g per day (World Health Organization). a Beans and lentils (daily)
b Natural fruit juices, not included in the portion of fruits and vegetables of the outcome under analysis (daily)
OR, Odds Ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
Hierarchical Multivariate Logistic Regression.
Final model was adjusted by individual (continuous) income.
Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.32/ R Square Change = 0.18.
* p < 0.05.
Table 4: Hierarchical model of factors associated with adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, in baseline participants of the Cohort of Minas Gerais Universities - CUME Project, 2016, 2018.