1Chernow B (1988) Selections from The Columbia Encyclopaedia of the social sciences (5th Edn) New York: John D Moore, USA.

2Ahmed MH, Ali YA, Awadalla H, Elmadhoun WM, Noor SK, et al. (2017) Prevalence and trends of obesity among adult Sudanese individuals: Population based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 11: S963-S967.

3Glenn L (2018) Centre for Health Promotion Research, Syddansk Universitet, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark Challenges 9: 33.

4Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross, R (2004) Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 379-84.

5Ahmed MH, Ali YA, Awadalla H, Elmadhoun WM, Noor SK, et al. (2017) Prevalence and trends of obesity among adult Sudanese individuals: Population based study. AO(6). Diabetes Metab Syndr 11: S963-S967.

6Padwal R, Pajewski N, Allison D, Sharma A (2011) Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population-representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity. 183: 1059-66.

7Kul J, Sharma A, Padwal R (2011) Edmonton Obesity Staging System: association with weight history and mortality risk. 36: 11-58.

8Krause M, Mahan (1984) Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy (7th Edn) Sao Paulo, Livraria, Brazil.

9Sharma A, Kushner R (2009) A proposed clinical staging system for obesity. 2: 289-95.

10Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, et al. (2000) Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 694-701.

11 Ulijaszek S (2000) Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, Report of a WHO Consultation, WHO Technical Report Series. J Biosocial Sci 35: 624-5.

12 Sexual Violence Research Initiative (2016) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Sudan.

13 The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (2002) About the ESS, USA.

14Slideshare (2012) Edmonton obesity staging system, Canada.

15 Busutil R, Espallardo O, Torres A, Martínez-Galdeano L, Zozaya N, et al. (2017) The impact of obesity on health-related quality of life in Spain. Health Qual Life Outcomes 15: 197.

16Canning KL, Brown RE, Wharton S, Sharma AM, Kuk JL (2015) Edmonton Obesity Staging System Prevalence and Association with Weight Loss in a Publicly Funded Referral-Based Obesity Clinic. J Obes 2015: 619734.

17Chiappetta S, Stier C, Squillante S, Theodoridou S, Weiner RA (2016) The importance of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System in predicting postoperative outcome and 30-day mortality after metabolic surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 12: 1847-55.