Source

Reference

Participants

Cogantive measures

Functional ingredients

Study conclusions

Coffee

Lieberman, et al. [23]

68

Visual Vigilence, four choice visual reaction time, matching to sample working memory task and a repeated acquisition test of motor learning and memory.

100, 200 or 300 mg caffeine

Caffeine (200 and 300mg) significantly improved visual vigilance, choice reaction time, repeated acquisition, self-reported fatigue and sleepiness with the greatest effects on test of vigilence, reaction time, and alertness.

Sands, et al. [25]

29

Mood and psychomotor assessments were carried out at baseline and 30 minutes postdrink. Bond-Lader visual analogue scales (VAS) and caffeine research VAS were used to assess mood, while three simple motion tasks (using an accelerometer device to record dynamic bodily movement) were used to assess psychomotor control.

150 mg caffeine

Moderate consumers reported significantly worse headaches and experienced more tremors on accelerometer. Following caffeine, ratings of calmness significantly decreased.

Cropely, et al. [30]

39

Mood and cognitive process as measured by behavioral tasks and event - related potentials.

224 mg CGA, 5 mg caffeine; 521 mg CGA and 11 mg caffeine; 244 mg CGA, 167 mg caffeine

Non-caffeine compounds in coffee such as the chlorogenic acids may be capable of excerting some acute behavioral effects.

Cocoa

Karabay, et al. [35]

63

Spatial working memory

250 mg or 500 mg cocoa flavanols

Behavioral measures of accuracy and reaction time were not found to be significantly different between treatment groups, significantly different between groups during memory encoding, the working memory hold period and retrieval.

Sages

Tildesfey, et al. [37]

44

Congnitive drug research computerised test battery.

25, 50, 100 and 150 microl of a standardized essential oil extract

50 µl dose of salvia essential oil significantly improved immediate word recall in both studies.

Pengelly, et al. [38]

28

General cognitive performance.

750 mg, 6000mg of rosemary

Dose-dependents effect in measures of speed of memory: 750 mg of rosemary statistically significant beneficial effect, whereas the highest dose (6000mg) had a significant impairing effect.

Dietary association

Calil, et al. [42]

96

Brief cognitive Screening Battery, Mini-Mental State examination.

Mediterranean and MIND diet

Moderate adherence to the Mediterranean and MIND dietary patterns may be associated with better cognition among healthy seniors.

Torres, et al. [43]

249

Cambridge Cognitive Examination.

Dietary pattern

A diet high in processed foods was associated with some level of cognitive impairment.

Samieri, et al. [45]

16058

Telephone Interview for cognitive Status.

Dietary pattern

Long-term MeDi adherence was related to moderately better cognition but not with cognitive change.

Tomato

Nilsson, et al. [47]

40

Working memory capacity, selective attention, and psychomotor reaction time.

150g blueberries, 50g blackcurrant, 50g elderberry, 50g lingonberries, 50g strawberry, and 100g tomatoes

Subjects performed better in the working memory test after supplementation relative to placebo.

Chapman, et al. [1]

17

Detection seeds and scores identification speeds and scores, visual learning speeds and scores.

290mg tomato extract (Nomato TM)

Significance reported for overall effects of treatment (detection speeds, and scores) and additionally for the identification speed. A suggestion of treatment effects was observed for identification scores.