1Shariatpanahi ZV, Shariatpanahi MV, Shahbazi S, Hossaini A, Abadi A (2008) Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults. Br J Nutr 100: 147-51.
2Akhan G, Kutluhan S, Koyuncuoglu HR (2000) Is there any change of stroke incidence during Ramadan? Acta Neurol Scand 10: 259-61.
3Zargar AH, Wani AA, Laway BA, Masoodi SR, Wani AI, et al. (2008) Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities of glucose tolerance in young adults aged 20-40 years in North India (Kashmir Valley). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 82: 276-81.
4Harvie M, Howell A (2017) Potential benefits and harms of intermittent energy restriction and intermittent fasting amongst obese, overweight and normal weight subjects a narrative review of human and animal evidence. Behav Sci (Basel) 7: E4.
5Stote KS, Baer DJ, Spears K, Paul DR, Harris GK, et al. (2007)A controlled trial of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction in healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged adults. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 981-8.
6Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M (2011)Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman (UAE) with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 4: 409-16.
7Gur EB, Turan GA, Ince O, Karadeniz M, Tatar S, et al. (2015)Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, dietary intake and abdominal fat distribution in pregnancy. Hippokratia 19: 298-303.
8UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998 )UKPDS 28: a randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 21: 87-92.
9Howlett HC, Bailey CJ (1999) A risk-benefit assessment of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drug saf 20: 489-503.
10Almalki MH, Alshahrani F (2016) Options for controlling type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Fron Endocrinol 7: 32.
11 Farag HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Muhammad BA, Esmaillzadeh A, El Bilbeisi AH (2019) Effects of vitamin C supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 26: 23-33.
12Farag HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Muhammad BA, Esmaillzadeh A, El Bilbeisi AH (2019) Effects of vitamin D supplementation along with endurance physical activity on lipid profile in metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 13: 1093-8.
13Farag HAM, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Muhammad BA, Esmaillzadeh A, El Bilbeisi AH (2018) Comparative effects of vitamin D and vitamin C supplementations with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol metab syndr 10: 80.
14El Bilbeisi AH, Hosseini S, Djafarian K (2017) Association of dietary patterns with diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a cross sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr 36: 37.
15 Saleh SA, Elsharouni SA, Cherian B, Mourou M (2005) Effects of Ramadan fasting on waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood sugar on a sample of healthy Kuwaiti men and women. Mal J Nutr 11: 143-50.
16Saiya S, Saiyad M, Patel U, Verma A (2014)Effect of Ramadan fasting on anthropological and physiological parameters. NHL Journal of Medical Sciences 3.
17Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, et al. (2006)The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore med J 47: 409-14.
18 Memari AH, Kordi R, Panahi N, Nikookar LR, Abdollahi M, et al. (2011) Effect of Ramadan fasting on body composition and physical performance in female athletes. Asian J sports med 2: 161-6.
19 Rahman O, Islam MR (2011) Association between fasting of Ramadan and risk factors of diabetes: A study from Rajshahi city in Bangladesh. Adv J Food Sci Technology 3: 360-5.
20Siaw MYL, Chew DEK, Dalan R, Shakoor A, Kamaldeen SAK, et al. (2014) Evaluating the effect of Ramadan fasting on muslim patients with diabetes in relation to use of medication and lifestyle patterns: a prospective study. Int J Endocrinol 2014: Article ID 308546.
21 Çomoğlu S, Temizhan A, Peşinci E, Tandoğan İ, Özbakir Ş (2003) Effects of Ramadan fasting on stroke. Turk J Med Sci 33: 237-41.
22 Saada DA, Selselet G, Belkacemi L, Chabane OA, Italhi M, et al. (2010) Effect of Ramadan fasting on glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin, lipids and proteinous concentrations in women with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. African J Biotechnology 9: 87-94.
23Karalliedde J, Gnudi L (2014) Diabetes mellitus, a complex and heterogeneous disease, and the role of insulin resistance as a determinant of diabetic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31: 206-13.
24McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Reaven G (2007) Heterogeneity in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese individuals: effect of differences in insulin sensitivity. Arch Intern Med 167: 642-8.
25Jaleel MA, Fathima FN, Jaleel BN (2013) Nutrition, energy intake-output, exercise, and fluid homeostasis during fasting in Ramadan. Journal of Medical Nutrition and Nutraceuticals 2: 63-8.
26 Ünalacak M, Kara IH, Baltaci D, Erdem Ö, Bucaktepe PGE (2011) Effects of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and hematological parameters and cytokines in healthy and obese individuals. Metab syndr relat disord 9: 157-61.
27 Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, Heller RF, Zwahlen M (2008)Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371(9612): 569-78.
28 Rohin MAK, Rozano N, Abd Hadi N, Nor M, Nasir M, et al. (2013) Anthropometry and body composition status during Ramadan among higher institution learning centre staffs with different body weight status. Scientific World J 2013: 308041.
29Sulimani RA, Famuyiwa FO, Laajam MA (1988) Diabetes mellitus and Ramadan fasting: the need for a critical appraisal. Diabet med 5: 589-91.
30Ahmad J, Pathan MF, Jaleel MA, Fathima FN, Raza SA, et al. (2012) Diabetic emergencies including hypoglycemia during Ramadan. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 16: 512-5.
31Landin K, Tengborn L, Smith U (1991) Treating insulin resistance in hypertension with metformin reduces both blood pressure and metabolic risk factors. J Intern Med 229: 181-7.
32 Azizi F, Rasouli HA (1987) Serum glucose, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, protein and albumin concentrations during Ramadan. Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran 1: 38-41.
33 Hosseini SRA, Hejazi K (2013) The effects of Ramadan fasting and physical activity on blood hematological-biochemical parameters. Iran J Basic Med Sci 16: 845-9.
34 Gnanou JV, Caszo BA, Khalil KM, Abdullah SL, Knight VF, et al. (2015) Effects of Ramadan fasting on glucose homeostasis and adiponectin levels in healthy adult males. J Diabetes Metab Disord 14: 55.
35Momen HK, Elzouki ANY, Gatie J, El-Mansoury AM, Tashani A (2007) Effect of Ramadan fasting on blood glucose and serum lipid profiles in Libyan diabetic patients. J Sci Applications 1: 14-7.
36Robertson MD, Henderson RA, Vist GE, Rumsey RDE (2002) Extended effects of evening meal carbohydrate-to-fat ratio on fasting and postprandial substrate metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 75: 505-10.
37BaHammam A (2003) Sleep pattern, daytime sleepiness, and eating habits during the month of Ramadan. Sleep and Hypnosis 5: 165-74.
38 Khalili RMA, Shafekh SE, Norhayati AH, Munira MIS, Nasir MM, et al. (2014) Cardiovascular and Blood Glucose Adaptation during Ramadan Fasting among Different Weight Status Subjects. Annual Research & Review in Biology: 3771-9.
39Shehab A, Abdulle A, El Issa A, Al Suwaidi J, Nagelkerke N (2012) Favorable changes in lipid profile: the effects of fasting after Ramadan. PloS one 7: e47615.
40Salahuddin M, Sayed Ashfak AH, Syed SR, Badaam KM (2014) Effect of Ramadan fasting on body weight,(BP) and biochemical parameters in middle aged hypertensive subjects: an observational trial. J Clin Diagn Res 8: 16-8.
41 Perk G, Ghanem J, Aamar S, Ben-Ishay D, Bursztyn M (2001) The effect of the fast of Ramadan on ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens 15: 723-5.
42 Chen Y, Copeland WK, Vedanthan R, Grant E, Lee JE, et al (2013) Association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease mortality in east Asians and south Asians: pooled analysis of prospective data from the Asia Cohort Consortium. BMJ 347: f5446.
43Giugliano D, De Rosa N, Di Maro G, Marfella R, Acampora R, et al. (1993) Metformin improves glucose, lipid metabolism, and reduces blood pressure in hypertensive, obese women. Diabetes care 16: 1387-90.
44 Abbink EJ, Pickkers P, Van Rosendaal AJ, Lutterman JA, Tack CJ, et al. (2002) Vascular effects of glibenclamide vs. glimepiride and metformin in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 19: 136-43.
45Wulffele MG, Kooy A, Lehert P, Bets D, Donker AJM, et al. (2005)Does metformin decrease blood pressure in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin? Diabet Med 22: 907-13.
46Chu NV, Kong AP, Kim DD, Armstrong D, Baxi S, et al. (2002) Differential effects of metformin and troglitazone on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25: 542-9.