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5 Boffetta P, Garfinkel L (1990) Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study. Epidemiol 1: 342-8.

6 Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB (2008) Alcohol consumption: risks and benefits. Curr Ather Rep 10: 536-43.

7 Rimm EB, Klatsky A, Grobbee D, Stampfer MJ (1996) Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits. BMJ 312:731-6.

8 Koppes LL, Dekker JM, Hendriks HF, Bouter LM, Heine RJ (2005) Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Diab Care 28: 719-25.

9 Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Witteman JC, Mehta KM, van Duijn CM, et al. (2002) Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 359: 281-6.

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19 van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Vermunt SH, Scheek LM, Schaafsma G, et al. (2001) Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport. J Lip Res 42: 2077-83.

20 van Tol A, Hendriks HF (2001) Moderate alcohol consumption: effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 12: 19-23.

21 Beulens JW, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Hendriks HF, Mukamal KJ (2008) Alcohol consumption, mediating biomarkers, and risk of type 2 diabetes among middle-aged women. Diab Care 31: 2050-5.

22 Hendriks HF, Veenstra J, Velthuis-te Wierik EJ, Schaafsma G, Kluft C (1994) Effect of moderate dose of alcohol with evening meal on fibrinolytic factors. BMJ 308: 1003-6.

23 Joosten MM, Beulens JW, Kersten S, Hendriks HF (2008) Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetol 51: 1375-81.

24 Schrieks IC, van den Berg R, Sierksma A, Beulens JW, Vaes WH, et al. (2013) Effect of red wine consumption on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Alcohol Alcohol 48: 153-9.

25 Sierksma A, Patel H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, et al. (2004) Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin sensitivity. Diab Care 27: 184-9.

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27 Volksgezondheidenzorg (2017) Stemmingsstoornissen, Bilthoven, Netherlands.

28 Volksgezondheidenzorg (2017) Ziektelast in DALY’s, Bilthoven, Netherlands.

29 Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G (2010) Cardiovascular and overall mortality risk in relation to alcohol consumption in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation 121: 1951-9.

30 Ford ES, Zhao G, Tsai J, Li C (2011) Low-risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study. Am J Pub Health 101: 1922-9.

31 Smyth A, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, O’Donnell M, Zhang X, et al. (2015) Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, cancer, injury, admission to hospital, and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 386:1945-54.

32 Jewell NP (2003) Statistics for Epidemiology. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton London New York Washington DC.

33 Koppes LL, Dekker JM, Hendriks HF, Bouter LM, Heine RJ (2006) Meta-analysis of the relationship between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetol 49: 648-52.

34 Stockwell T, Zhao J, Panwar S, Roemer A, Naimi T, et al. (2016) Do “Moderate” Drinkers Have Reduced Mortality Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and All-Cause Mortality. JSAD 77: 185-98.

35 Ferrari P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Kragh Andersen P, Johansson M, et al. (2014) Lifetime alcohol use and overall and cause-specific mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study. BMJ 4: e005245.

36 Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, et al. (2006) Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated metaanalysis of 34 prospective studies. Arch Int Med 66:2437-45.

37 Jayasekara H, English DR, Room R, MacInnis RJ (2014) Alcohol consumption over time and risk of death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 179: 1049-59.

38 Padilla H, Gaziano MJ, Djousse L (2010) Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: a meta-analysis. Phys Sports Med 38: 84-9.

39 Tjonneland A, Christensen J, Olsen A, Stripp C, Thomsen BL, et al. (2007) Alcohol intake and breast cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Causes Control 18: 361-73.

40 Freudenheim JL, Ritz J, Smith-Warner SA, Albanes D, Bandera EV, et al. (2005) Alcohol consumption and risk of lung cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 82: 657-67.

41Anstey KJ, Mack HA, Cherbuin N (2009) Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Geriatr Psych 17: 542-55.

5 Boffetta P, Garfinkel L (1990) Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study. Epidemiol 1: 342-8.

6 Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB (2008) Alcohol consumption: risks and benefits. Curr Ather Rep 10: 536-43.

7 Rimm EB, Klatsky A, Grobbee D, Stampfer MJ (1996) Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits. BMJ 312:731-6.

8 Koppes LL, Dekker JM, Hendriks HF, Bouter LM, Heine RJ (2005) Moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Diab Care 28: 719-25.

9 Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, Witteman JC, Mehta KM, van Duijn CM, et al. (2002) Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 359: 281-6.

19 van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Vermunt SH, Scheek LM, Schaafsma G, et al. (2001) Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport. J Lip Res 42: 2077-83.

20 van Tol A, Hendriks HF (2001) Moderate alcohol consumption: effects on lipids and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 12: 19-23.

21 Beulens JW, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Hendriks HF, Mukamal KJ (2008) Alcohol consumption, mediating biomarkers, and risk of type 2 diabetes among middle-aged women. Diab Care 31: 2050-5.

22 Hendriks HF, Veenstra J, Velthuis-te Wierik EJ, Schaafsma G, Kluft C (1994) Effect of moderate dose of alcohol with evening meal on fibrinolytic factors. BMJ 308: 1003-6.

23 Joosten MM, Beulens JW, Kersten S, Hendriks HF (2008) Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetol 51: 1375-81.

24 Schrieks IC, van den Berg R, Sierksma A, Beulens JW, Vaes WH, et al. (2013) Effect of red wine consumption on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Alcohol Alcohol 48: 153-9.

25 Sierksma A, Patel H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, et al. (2004) Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and insulin sensitivity. Diab Care 27: 184-9.

29 Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G (2010) Cardiovascular and overall mortality risk in relation to alcohol consumption in patients with cardiovascular disease. Circulation 121: 1951-9.

30 Ford ES, Zhao G, Tsai J, Li C (2011) Low-risk lifestyle behaviors and all-cause mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III Mortality Study. Am J Pub Health 101: 1922-9.

31 Smyth A, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, O’Donnell M, Zhang X, et al. (2015) Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease, cancer, injury, admission to hospital, and mortality: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 386:1945-54.

35 Ferrari P, Licaj I, Muller DC, Kragh Andersen P, Johansson M, et al. (2014) Lifetime alcohol use and overall and cause-specific mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study. BMJ 4: e005245.

36 Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, et al. (2006) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159008

37 Jayasekara H, English DR, Room R, MacInnis RJ (2014) Alcohol consumption over time and risk of death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 179: 1049-59.

38 Padilla H, Gaziano MJ, Djousse L (2010) Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: a meta-analysis. Phys Sports Med 38: 84-9.

39 Tjonneland A, Christensen J, Olsen A, Stripp C, Thomsen BL, et al. (2007) Alcohol intake and breast cancer risk: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Causes Control 18: 361-73.

40 Freudenheim JL, Ritz J, Smith-Warner SA, Albanes D, Bandera EV, et al. (2005) Alcohol consumption and risk of lung cancer: a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 82: 657-67.

41Anstey KJ, Mack HA, Cherbuin N (2009) Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline: meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Geriatr Psych 17: 542-55.