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10 Visiolo F, Borsani L, Galli C (2000) Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of phytochemicals. Cardiovasc Res 47: 419-25.

11 Storlien LH, Baur LA, Kriketos AD, Pan DD, Cooney GJ, et al. (1996) Dietary fats and insulin action. Diabetologia 39: 621-31.

12 Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, et al. (1997) Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 277: 472-7.

13 Connor WE (2000) Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71: 171S-5S.

14 Fung TT, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Rifai N, Tofler GH, et al. (2001) Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 73: 61-7.

15 Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, et al. (2000) Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 912-21.

16 Hu FB (2002) Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 13: 3-9.

17 Hu FB, Rimm E, Smith-Warner SA, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1999) Reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 243-9.

18 Jacques PF, Tucker KL (2001) Are dietary patterns useful for understanding the role of diet in chronic disease? Am J Clin Nutr 73: 1-2.

19 Newby PK, Tucker KL (2004) Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review. Nutr Rev 62: 177-203.

20 Slattery M (2008) Defining dietary consumption: is the sum greater than its parts? Am J Clin Nutr 88: 14-5.

21 Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Serra-Majem L, Lairon D, Estruch R, et al. (2009) Mediterranean food pattern and the primary prevention of chronic disease: recent developments. Nutr Rev 67: 111-6.

22 Tzima N, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas J, Zampelas A, et al. (2007) Mediterranean diet and insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure levels, in overweight and obese people; The Attica study. Lipids in Health Dis 6: 22.

23 Wirfält E, Hedblad B, Gullberg B, Mattisson I, Andrén C, et al. (2001) Food Patterns and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women: A Cross-sectional Study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 154: 1150-9.

24 Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM (2003) Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr 78: 508S-13S.

25 Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas Y, Stefanadis C (2007) The association between food patterns and the metabolic syndrome using principal components analysis: the ATTICA study. J Am Diet Assoc 107: 979-87.

26 Sonnenberg L, Pencina M, Kimokoti R, Quatromoni P, Nam BH, et al. (2005) Dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Framingham women. Obes Res 13: 153-62.

27 Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A (2011) Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21: 893-900.

28 Song Y, Joung H (2012) A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 22: 456-62.

29 Kim J, Jo I (2011) Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults. J Am Diet Assoc 111: 1141-9.

30 Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M (2010) Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 26: 986-92.

31 Noel SE, Newby PK, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL (2009) A Traditional Rice and Beans Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults. J Nutr 139: 1360-7.

32 Denova-Gutiérre E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores M,et al. (2010) Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in an Urban Mexican Population. J Nutr 140: 1855-63.

33 Mikkilä V, Räsänen L, Raitakari OT, Marniemi J, Pietinen P, et al. (2007) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Br J nutr 98: 218-25.

34 Olinto MT, Gigante DP, Horta B, Silveira V, Oliveira I, et al. (2011) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr 51: 281-91.

35 Akter S, Nanri A, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Mizoue T (2013) Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population. Nutrition & Metabolism 10: 30.

36 Naja F, Nasreddine L, Itani L, Adra N, Sibai AM, et al. (2013) Association between dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome among Lebanese adults. Eur J Nutr 52: 97-105.

37 Akesson A, Weismayer C, Newby PK, Wolk A (2007) Combined effect of lowrisk dietary and lifestyle behaviors in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in women. Arch Intern Med 167: 2122-7.

38 Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, et al. (2007) Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr 85: 910-8.

39 Haghighatdoost F, Zaribaf F, Azadbakht L, Esmaillzadeh A (2012) Association between major dietary patterns and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among women. Iranian J Nutr Sci & Food Tec 7: 19-30.

40 Song S, Lee J, Paik H, Park M, Song Y (2012) Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia. Nutr Res Pract 6: 349-56.

41 WHO (2008) Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. GenevaDecember.

42 Mirmiran P, Esfahani F, Azizi F (2009) [Arzyabi ravaie nesbi va payaie porseshnameye basamad masrafe ghazaie baraye barasi daryafthaye mavade ghazaie:motaleye ghand va lipid iran]. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid 9: 185-97(persian).

43 Rimm E, Giovanucci E, Stamfer M, Colditz G, Litin L, et al. (1992) Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self administered semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals. Am J Epidemiol 135: 1114-26.

44 Ghaffarpour M, Houshyar-Rad A, Kianfar H (1999) The manual for household measures, cooking yields factors and edible portion of food. Tehran: Keshavarzi press.

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47 Aadalh M, Jorgensen T (2003) Validation of a new self-repot instrument for measuring physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 1196-202.

48 Kelishadi R, Rabiei K, Khosravi A, Famouri F, Sadeghi M, et al. (2001) Assessment of Physical Activity of Adolescents in Isfahan. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 3: 27-33.

49 Rezazadeh A, Rashidkhani B (2010) The association of general and central obesity with major dietary patterns in adult women living in Tehran, Iran. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 56: 132-8.

50 Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L (2008) Major dietary patterns in relation to general obesity and central adiposity among Iranian women. J Nutr 138: 358-63.

51 Mirmiran P, Djazayery A, Hosseini esfahani F, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F (2008) Change in food patterns of Tehrani adults and its association with changes in their body weight and body mass index in District 13 of Tehran: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Iranian J Nutr Sci & Food Tec 2: 67-80.

52 Tseng M (1999) Validation of dietary patterns assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Am J Clin Nutr 70: 422-31.

53 Weismayer C, Anderson JG, Wolk A (2006) Changes in the Stability of Dietary Patterns in a Study of Middle-Aged Swedish Women. J Nutr 136: 1582-7.

9 Vessby B (2000) Dietary fat and insulin action in humans. Br J Nutr 83: 91-6.

10 Visiolo F, Borsani L, Galli C (2000) Diet and prevention of coronary heart disease: the potential role of phytochemicals. Cardiovasc Res 47: 419-25.

11 Storlien LH, Baur LA, Kriketos AD, Pan DD, Cooney GJ, et al. (1996) Dietary fats and insulin action. Diabetologia 39: 621-31.

12 Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, et al. (1997) Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 277: 472-7.

13 Connor WE (2000) Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 71: 171S-5S.

16 Hu FB (2002) Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 13: 3-9.

17 Hu FB, Rimm E, Smith-Warner SA, Feskanich D, Stampfer MJ, et al. (1999) Reproducibility and validity of dietary patterns assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 243-9.

18 Jacques PF, Tucker KL (2001) Are dietary patterns useful for understanding the role of diet in chronic disease? Am J Clin Nutr 73: 1-2.

19 Newby PK, Tucker KL (2004) Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: a review. Nutr Rev 62: 177-203.

20 Slattery M (2008) Defining dietary consumption: is the sum greater than its parts? Am J Clin Nutr 88: 14-5.

21 Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Serra-Majem L, Lairon D, Estruch R, et al. (2009) Mediterranean food pattern and the primary prevention of chronic disease: recent developments. Nutr Rev 67: 111-6.

22 Tzima N, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas J, Zampelas A, et al. (2007) Mediterranean diet and insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure levels, in overweight and obese people; The Attica study. Lipids in Health Dis 6: 22.

23 Wirfält E, Hedblad B, Gullberg B, Mattisson I, Andrén C, et al. (2001) Food Patterns and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women: A Cross-sectional Study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 154: 1150-9.

24 Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM (2003) Nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns as exposures in research: a framework for food synergy. Am J Clin Nutr 78: 508S-13S.

21 Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Bes-Rastrollo M, Serra-Majem L, Lairon D, Estruch R, et al. (2009) Mediterranean food pattern and the primary prevention of chronic disease: recent developments. Nutr Rev 67: 111-6.

22 Tzima N, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas J, Zampelas A, et al. (2007) Mediterranean diet and insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and blood pressure levels, in overweight and obese people; The Attica study. Lipids in Health Dis 6: 22.

23 Wirfält E, Hedblad B, Gullberg B, Mattisson I, Andrén C, et al. (2001) Food Patterns and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men and Women: A Cross-sectional Study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 154: 1150-9.

25 Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas Y, Stefanadis C (2007) The association between food patterns and the metabolic syndrome using principal components analysis: the ATTICA study. J Am Diet Assoc 107: 979-87.

26 Sonnenberg L, Pencina M, Kimokoti R, Quatromoni P, Nam BH, et al. (2005) Dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese Framingham women. Obes Res 13: 153-62.

27 Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A (2011) Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21: 893-900.

28 Song Y, Joung H (2012) A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 22: 456-62.

29 Kim J, Jo I (2011) Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults. J Am Diet Assoc 111: 1141-9.

30 Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M (2010) Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 26: 986-92.

31 Noel SE, Newby PK, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL (2009) A Traditional Rice and Beans Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults. J Nutr 139: 1360-7.

32 Denova-Gutiérre E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores M,et al. (2010) Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in an Urban Mexican Population. J Nutr 140: 1855-63.

33 Mikkilä V, Räsänen L, Raitakari OT, Marniemi J, Pietinen P, et al. (2007) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Br J nutr 98: 218-25.

34 Olinto MT, Gigante DP, Horta B, Silveira V, Oliveira I, et al. (2011) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr 51: 281-91.

35 Akter S, Nanri A, Pham NM, Kurotani K, Mizoue T (2013) Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese working population. Nutrition & Metabolism 10: 30.

36 Naja F, Nasreddine L, Itani L, Adra N, Sibai AM, et al. (2013) Association between dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome among Lebanese adults. Eur J Nutr 52: 97-105.

27 Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A (2011) Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21: 893-900.

28 Song Y, Joung H (2012) A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 22: 456-62.

29 Kim J, Jo I (2011) Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults. J Am Diet Assoc 111: 1141-9.

30 Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M (2010) Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 26: 986-92.

32 Denova-Gutiérre E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores M,et al. (2010) Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in an Urban Mexican Population. J Nutr 140: 1855-63.

33 Mikkilä V, Räsänen L, Raitakari OT, Marniemi J, Pietinen P, et al. (2007) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Br J nutr 98: 218-25.

34 Olinto MT, Gigante DP, Horta B, Silveira V, Oliveira I, et al. (2011) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr 51: 281-91.

31 Noel SE, Newby PK, Ordovas JM, Tucker KL (2009) A Traditional Rice and Beans Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults. J Nutr 139: 1360-7.

32 Denova-Gutiérre E, Castañón S, Talavera JO, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores M,et al. (2010) Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in an Urban Mexican Population. J Nutr 140: 1855-63.

33 Mikkilä V, Räsänen L, Raitakari OT, Marniemi J, Pietinen P, et al. (2007) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Br J nutr 98: 218-25.

34 Olinto MT, Gigante DP, Horta B, Silveira V, Oliveira I, et al. (2011) Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr 51: 281-91.

27 Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A (2011) Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21: 893-900.

28 Song Y, Joung H (2012) A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 22: 456-62.

29 Kim J, Jo I (2011) Grains, Vegetables, and Fish Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Adults. J Am Diet Assoc 111: 1141-9.