Figure 1: Mean height between 3-18 yr for subjects stunted & not stunted at 3 yr
*- p<0.05 for trend from lower to higher tertile
BMI: Body mass index (Kg/m2)
HSBP- systolic blood pressure >=140 mmHg
HDBP- diastolic blood pressure >=90 mmHg
Hypertension- either systolic blood pressure >=140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >=90
Figure 2: Prevalence of HSBP, HDBP and HYPT by tertiles of adult BMI among rural adults
Parameters

Males
Females
N
449
267
Age (yr)
23.2±2.6**
22.9±2.7
Weight (Kg)
56.2±9.1**
45.4±7.9
Height (cm)
166.3±6.1**
152.7±5.6
BMI (Kg/m2)
20.3±2.9**
19.4±2.8
% Overweight (BMI >=25 Kg/m2)
(BMI >=30 Kg/m2)
 6.5
0.2
 4.1
0.7
% Underweight (BMI <18.5 Kg/m2)
29.0
43.4
Body fat (%)
15.7±5.4
21.0±6.2**
Systolic blood pressure(mmHg)
120.3±11.2**
112.1±10.
diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)
76.3±9.3**

73.0±8.2
**: p<0.01 for sex differences
BMI: Body mass index (Kg/m2)
Table 1: Characteristics (mean ± sd) of young rural adults

 
Males
Females
Age (yr)
N
Underweight$
Stunted#
N
Underweight$
Stunted#
0-1
101
30.7
12.9
68
39.7
16.2
1-3
240
57.1
47.1
148
58.8
43.2
3 -5
232
59.9
50.9
147
60.5
58.5
$: Dugdale Growth Index for weight <80 in respective age groups
#: Dugdale Growth Index for height <90 in respective age groups
Table 2: Prevalence of underweight and stunting in early life
Age (yr)
Early life nutrition Status n
Weight (kg)
 Height (cm) Sitting Ht (cm) BMI (Kg/m2) Body Fat (%)
Males
0+
Stunted
13
51.3±8.4
160.3±7.3
83.8±2.7
20.0±3.0
14.7±5.4
Not stunted
88
56.3±9.0
168.5±5.0
87.1±3.1
19.8±2.7
13.9±4.7
p
ns
0.000
0.000
ns
ns
1-3
Stunted
112
53.7±8.3
164.2±6.2
85.1±3.4
19.9±2.7
15.1±5.5
Not stunted
127
57.4±9.4
168.4±5.8
86.8±3.2
20.3±2.9
15.7±5.0
p
0.002
0.000
0.000
ns
ns
3-5
Stunted
118
54.0±7.3
164.1±5.5
84.9±2.8
20.0±2.5
15.7±5.2
Not stunted
114
59.1±10.0
168.9±5.9
87.1±3.2
207±3.2
16.1±5.3
p
0.000
0.000
0.000
ns
ns
Females
0+ Stunted 11 41.5±8.3 148.3±6.1 76.1±3.6 18.7±2.5 19.4±5.9
  Not stunted 57 45.5±7.9 154.4±5.1 79.9±2.6 19.0±2.8 20.4±6.4
  p   Ns 0.001 0.000 ns ns
1-3 Stunted 64 44.4±7.5 150.1±4.8 78.1±3.0 19.6±2.7 20.9±5.7
  Not stunted 84 46.9±7.0 155.5±4.2 80.4±2.8 19.4±2.7 21.3±6.2
  p   0.04 0.000 0.000 ns ns
3-5 Stunted 86 43.0±7.1 150.2±5.4 77.9±3.1 19.0±2.7 19.9±5.8
  Not stunted 61 48.0±8.9 155.4±5.3 80.4±3.0 19.8±3.2 21.9±6.9
  p   0.000 0.000 0.000 ns ns
$ - Dugdale Growth Index for height <90 in respective age groups
BMI: Body mass index (Kg/m2)
Table 3: Early life stunting$ & adult body size

Tertiles of adult BMI
Males
Females
Stunted at age 3yr
Not stunted
Stunted at age 3 yr
Not stunted
Lower
23.8
5.9
6.7
0
Middle
22.6
12.5
3.8
9.1
Higher
34.6
21.4
17.6
6.7
+: z score is <-2 for height at age 3+ yr using WHO (2006) standards
BMI: Body mass index (Kg/m2)
Table 4: Prevalence (%) of hypertension by tertiles of adult BMI and stunting+ at age 3 yr
Risk for
Adjusted for
Males
Females
Stunted
Not stunted
Stunted
Not stunted
Hypertension
BMI
2.7* (1.2 – 6.2)
1.0
2.8 (0.47 – 16.8)
1.0
Body fat
2.55* (1.14 – 5.7)
1.0
3.44 (0.52 – 23.0)
1.0
HSBP
BMI
1.53 (0.49 – 4.8)
1.0
3.29 (0.26 - 42)
1.0
Body fat
1.41 (0.46 - 4.3)
1.0
3.88 (0.27 – 56.8)
1.0
HDBP
BMI
3.25* (1.27 – 8.30)
1.0
1.91 (0.18 – 19.7)
1.0
Body fat
3.0* (1.2 - 7.5)
1.0
2.01 (0.2 – 21.1)
1.0
*- p<0.05, HSBP – systolic blood pressure >=140 mmHg,
HDBP– diastolic blood pressure >=90 mmHg, BMI- body mass index (Kg/m2),
Hypertension – either systolic blood pressure >=140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >=90 mmHg
@ z score is <-2 for height at age 3+ yr using WHO (2006) standards
Table 5: Odds Ratios (95% CI) for risk of HSBP & HDBP among subjects stunted@at 3+ yr