Figure 1: EAA Time Curve and AUC

Figure 2: NEAA Time Curve and AUC

Figure 3: TAA Time Curve and AUC

Amino Acid [mg/g of Protein]	WPI	RPI
Alanine	47	40
Arginine	20	57
Aspartic Acid	100	64
Cystine	21	15
Glutamic Acid	163	129
Glycine	16	32
Histidine	15	16
Isoleucine	60	30
Leucine	98	59
Lysine	87	23
Methionine	20	21
Phenylalanine	28	39
Proline	55	34
Serine	47	37
Threonine	65	26
Tryptophan	19	10
Tyrosine	27	35
Valine	55	43
Table 1: Amino acid profile of the study materials [19]

	Rice	Whey	P-Value
EAA
AUC [nmol/ml]	649.5 ± 140.9	754.2 ± 169.9	0.64
Cmax[nmol/ml]	176.1± 37.6	229.5± 51.2	0.41
Tmax[min]	87± 7	67± 4	*0.03
NEAA
AUC [nmol/ml]	592.7 ± 118.2	596.6 ± 121.2	0.98
Cmax[nmol/ml]	160.0± 31.1	178.4± 34.0	0.69
Tmax[min]	97±4	69±3	*0.00
TAA
AUC [nmol/ml]	615.9± 88.6	661.1± 98.7	0.74
Cmax[nmol/ml]	166.6± 23.4	199.3± 28.8	0.39
Tmax[min]	93± 4	69± 3	*0.00
Table 2: Cumulative Bioavailability of Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids. Data expressed as Geometric Mean ± SEM. *Represents significance at an alpha of 0.05.

 

Amino Acid	RPI	WPI	LCL	UCL
Histidine
AUC [nmol/ml]	738.1 ± 37.2	683.9 ± 39.8	1.08	1.07
Cmax[nmol/ml]	191.6 ± 10.0	190.9 ± 7.2	0.98	1.01
Tmax[min]	137 ± 10	52 ± 7	2.81	2.50
Isoleucine
AUC	317.5 ± 37.0	424.4 ± 31.5	.71	.77
Cmax	92.7 ± 11.7	144.0 ± 5.8	.59	.70
Tmax	71 ± 10	73 ± 1	.83	1.08
Leucine
AUC	597.9 ± 38.5	769.9 ± 50.8	.77	.77
Cmax	167.2 ± 12.1	240.7± 12.8	.68	.70
Tmax	67 ± 2	85 ± 4	.80	.71
Lysine
AUC	1,367.4 ± 60.8	1,755.0 ± 101.5	.79	.76
Cmax	364.8 ± 19.7	533.6 ± 36.1	.69	.67
Tmax	68 ± 7	64 ± 3	1.00	1.10
Methionine
AUC	135.5 ± 11.9	163.7 ± 17.1	.84	.81
Cmax	38.8 ± 3.0	54.2 ± 6.8	.75	.68
Tmax	77 ± 3	63 ± 2	1.22	1.22
Phenylalanine
AUC	264.8 ± 11.9	226.6 ± 12.7	1.18	1.16
Cmax	71.3 ± 4.0	66.8 ± 3.7	1.06	1.07
Tmax	82 ± 11	47 ± 6	1.72	1.74
Tryptophan
AUC	556.5 ± 40.9	659.8 ± 69.4	.87	.81
Cmax	152.0 ± 11.8	199.1 ± 23.2	.79	.73
Tmax	93 ± 4	77 ± 2	1.12	1.28
Threonine
AUC	609.7 ± 30.1	778.7 ± 53.5	.79	.76
Cmax	163.6 ± 9.1	236.9 ± 18.6	.70	.67
Tmax	97 ± 6	64 ± 0	1.42	1.60
Valine
AUC	1,257.7 ± 98.6	1,326.0 ± 69.8	.92	.97
Cmax	343.4 ± 29.9	399.2 ± 19.4	.82	.89
Tmax	94 ± 2	77 ± 4	1.24	1.18
Table 3: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of individual EAAs

Amino Acid	Rice Protein	Whey Protein	LCL	UCL
Alanine
AUC [nmol/ml]	830.1 ± 68.5	850.0 ± 62.4	.96	.98
Cmax[nmol/ml]	223.8 ± 17.8	250.5 ± 15.4	.87	.90
Tmax[min]	92 ± 11	77 ± 4	1.11	1.26
Arginine
AUC	636.9 ± 40.7	524.8 ± 43.2	1.23	1.19
Cmax	183.6 ± 14.7	168.4 ± 11.9	1.07	1.09
Tmax	77 ± 0	56 ± 0	1.36	1.37
Asparagine
AUC	606.5 ± 44.6	669.0 ± 55.7	.91	.89
Cmax	161.9 ± 14.4	199.7 ± 15.2	.79	.82
Tmax	113 ± 8	64 ± 8	1.88	1.67
Aspartic Acid
AUC	22.0 ± 4.1	24.6 ± 3.7	.85	.91
Cmax	6.2 ± 1.2	8.9 ± 1.7	.69	.70
Tmax	92 ± 17	78 ± 8	1.07	1.26
Citrulline
AUC	91.0 ± 12.2	98.8 ± 16.1	.95	.89
Cmax	25.4 ± 2.5	32.4 ± 6.2	.89	.73
Tmax	113 ± 4	116 ± 2	.95	.98
Cystine
AUC	90.5 ± 18.6	122.7 ± 19.5	.69	.76
Cmax	25.4 ± 5.3	40.1 ± 6.1	.58	.66
Tmax	86 ± 0	68 ± 4	1.33	1.2
Glutamic Acid
AUC	151.9 ± 19.4	182.3 ± 56.6	.86	.81
Cmax	44.2 ± 6.6	66.9 ± 6.6	.62	.69
Tmax	79 ± 26	53 ± 4	1.09	1.84
Glutamine
AUC	1,439.9 ± 52.3	1,484.2 ± 82.7	.99	.95
Cmax	373.2 ± 15.6	406.9 ± 21.5	.92	.90
Tmax	70 ± 15	61 ± 4	.96	1.32
Glycine
AUC	833.3 ± 53.6	703.9 ± 39.8	1.17	1.19
Cmax	218.9 ± 11.4	201.8 ± 13.8	1.06	1.10
Tmax	109 ± 14	65 ± 29	2.57	2.54
Ornithine
AUC	622.7 ± 49.6	602.2 ± 49.7	1.04	1.03
Cmax	169.1 ± 18.5	180.4 ± 9.7	.88	.99
Tmax	109 ± 1	53 ± 2	2.14	2.00
Proline
AUC	1,159.5 ± 71.7	1,263.2 ± 70.1	.91	.92
Cmax	313.7 ± 19.0	374.8 ± 19.1	.82	.84
Tmax	104 ± 3	65 ± 0	1.54	1.65
Serine
AUC	618.1 ± 43.4	642.6 ± 68.1	1.00	.93
Cmax	167.6 ± 15.70	211.5 ± 19.3	.79	.79
Tmax	109 ± 7	86 ± 31	2.22	2.10
Tyrosine
AUC	603.2 ± 47.0	588.1 ± 58.0	1.04	1.00
Cmax	167.1 ± 13.2	176.9 ± 19.1	.97	.91
Tmax	104 ± 16	81 ± 7	1.17	1.42
Table 4: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of individual NEAAs