Figure 1: Postprandial blood glucose concentration 2 h after test food consumption (n=20); adjusted to baseline; [#] p<0.05 compared to glucose; [†] p<0.05 compared HC with HP; (Analysis with ANOVA followed by Bonferroni); (HC: high carbohydrate formula diet; HP: high protein formula diet)

Figure 2: Postprandial serum insulin concentration 2 h after test food consumption (n=20); adjusted to zero-value; [#] p<0.05 compared to Glucose; [†] p<0.05 compared HC with HP (Analysis with ANOVA followed by Bonferroni); (HC: high carbohydrate formula diet; HP: high protein formula diet)

Figure 3: Postprandial A) hunger and B) satiety scores during 2 h after test food consumption (n=20); adjusted to baseline (HC: high carbohydrate formula diet; HP: high protein formula diet)

Nutritional values	Glucose		HC			HP
	per 100 g	per portion# (45.9 g)	per 100 g	per portion# (76.2 g)	per portion# (76.2 g)	per 100 g	per portion# (147.1 g)	per serving size **
Energy [kcal]	367	12.5	371.4	283.1	313	364	535.5	311
Carbohydrate [g]	91.8	50.0	65.5	50.0	34.1	34.0	50.0	26.0
from Sugar [g]	91.8	50	64.0	48.8	33.6	33.0	48.5	25.6
Protein [g]	0	0	22.5	17.2	16.9	56.4	82.9	29.2
Fat [g]	0	0	0.03	0.02	7.8	0.2	0.3	9.8
Total fiber [g]	0	0	7.4	5.6	2.2	0	0	0
# Portion providing 50 g of available carbohydrates, dissolved in 300 ml water; * serving size as recommended preparation: 300 ml milk (1.5% fat) + 30 g carbohydrate-rich powder + 5 g vegetable oil; ** serving size as recommended preparation: 300 ml milk (1.5% fat) + 34 g protein-rich powder + 5 g vegetable oil Table 1: Nutritional composition of the three test foods (Glucose. HP: high protein formula diet; HC: high carbohydrate formula diet)

m=9, w=11	Mean ± SD	Min. - Max.
Age [years]	25.8 ± 5.8	20 - 44
Weight [kg]	76.3 ± 16.7	51.8 – 116.9
BMI [kg/m²]	23.8 ± 2.4	20.2 - 28.6
Glucose [mmol/l]	79.0 ± 5.3	71 - 92
Insulin [pmol/l]	7.8 ± 5.7	2.0 - 29.0
Abbreviations: SD: Standard deviation; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum; BMI: Body Mass Index; n: number of subjects; m: men; w: women Table 2: Characteristics of subjects at baseline (n=20)

	Glucose	HC	HP	p
GI	100 ± 0	66.9 ± 41.8#	7.1 ± 7.2#,†	<0.001*
GL	100 ± 0	22.8 ± 14.3	1.8 ± 1.9#,†	<0.001*
IAUC0-2h Glucose [mmol/l*min]	269.3 ± 219.2	222.3 ± 232.5	10.7 ± 17.0#,†	<0.001*
cmax Glucose [mmol/l]	2.6 ± 1.1	1.0 ± 0.5#	0.5 ± 0.5#	<0.001*
IAUC0-2h Insulin [pmol/l*min]	26086.9 ± 17383.5	14357.5 ± 10978.7#	18402.1 ± 9776.2	0.022*
cmax Insulin [pmol/l]	434.8 ± 224.4	183.9 ± 80.9#	248.2 ± 145.8#	<0.001*
tmax Insulin [min]	32.25 ± 8.8	35.3 ± 14.0	29.3 ± 10.3	0.245**
mean ± standard deviation; GI: glycemic index; GL: glycemic load; HC: high carbohydrate formula diet; HP: high protein formula diet; [*] ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis; [**] Kruskal-Wallis Test followed by Mann-Whitney U test; [#] p<0.05 compared to Glucose; [†] p<0.05 compared HC with HP; c<sub>max</sub> adjusted to zero-value Table 3: Glycemic index, postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations during 2 h after test food consumption (n=20)

	Glucose	HC	HP	p
IAUC desire to eat [mm*h]	1755.1 ± 2142.9	853.3 ± 1422.7	856.1 ± 1796.9#	0.037**
IAUC hunger [mm*h]	1646.6 ± 1933.8	1038.1 ± 1903.6	435.9 ± 745.4#	0.023**
IAUC satiety [mm*h]	1244.6 ± 1331.3	2604.1 ± 2848.2	4475.3 ± 4020.4#	0.004*
IAUC PFC [mm*h]	1583.9 ± 1892.2	596.4 ± 994.7#	517.2 ± 992.6#	0.015**
Appetite Score [mm*h]	1398.4 ± 1558.7	678.4 ± 1120.7	561.9 ± 1158.8#	0.019**
mean ± standard deviation; GI: glycemic index; IAUC: incremental area under the curve; HC: high carbohydrate formula diet; HP: high protein formula diet; PFC: prospective food consumption; [*] ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis; [**] Kruskal-Wallis Test followed by Mann-Whitney U test; [#] p<0.05 compared to Glucose Table 4: Postprandial satiety scores during 2 h after test food consumption (n=20)