1 Guyton AC, Hall JE (2000) Textbook of Medical Physiology (10th edn) W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
2 Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA (2005) Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Medicine 35: 339-61.
3 Hill EE, Zack E, Battaglini C, Viru M, Viru A, et al. (2008) Exercise and circulating cortisol levels: the intensity threshold effect. J Endocrinol Invest 31: 587-91.
4 Luger A, Deuster PA, Gold PW, Loriaux DL, Chrouso GP (1988) Hormonal responses to the stress of exercise. Adv Exp Med Biol 245: 273-80.
5 Divertie GD, Jensen MD, Miles JM (1991) Stimulation of lipolysis in humans by physiological hypercortisolemia. Diabetes 40: 1228-32.
6 Gore DC, Jahoor F, Wolfe RR, Herndon DN (1993) Acute response of human muscle protein to catabolic hormones. Ann Surg 218: 679-84.
7 Clark AF, Vignos PJ (1979) Experimental corticosteroid myopathy: effect on myofibrillar ATPase activity and protein degradation. Muscle Nerve 2: 265-73.
8 Kietzmann T, Porwol T, Zierold K, Jungermann K, Acker H (1998) Involvement of a local Fenton reaction in the reciprocal modulation by O2 of the glucagon-dependent activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene and the insulin-dependent activation of the glucokinase gene in rat hepatocytes. Biochem J 335: 425-32.
9 Pilkis SJ, Claus TH (1991) Hepatic gluconeogenesis/glycogenolysis: regulation and structure/function relationships of substrate cycle enzymes. Annu Rev Nutr 11: 465-515.
10 Pilkis SJ, Granner KD (1992) Molecular physiology of the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Annu Rev Physiol 54: 885-909.
11 Block KP, Buse MG (1990) Glucocorticoid regulation of muscle branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Med Sci Sports and Exerc 22: 316-24.
12 Raastad T, Bjro T, Hallen J (2000) Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 82: 121-8.
13 Santtila M, Hakkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Kyrolainen H (2010) Effects of basic training on acute physiological responses to a combat loaded run test. Mil Med 175: 273-9.
14 de Sousa MV, Simoes HG, Oshiiwa M, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J (2007) Effects of acute carbohydrate supplementation during sessions of high-intensity intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 99: 57-63.
15 Li TL, Gleeson M (2005) The effects of carbohydrate supplementation during the second of two prolonged cycling bouts on immunoendocrine responses. Eur J Appl Physiol 95: 391-9.
16 Peake J, Wilson G, Mackinnon L, Coombes JS (2005) Carbohydrate supplementation and alterations in neutrophils, and plasma cortisol and myoglobin concentration after intense exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 93: 672-8
17 Thyfault JP, Carper MJ, Richmond SR., Hulver MW, Potteiger JA (2004) Effects of liquid carbohydrate ingestion on markers of anabolism following high-intensity resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 18: 174-9.
18 Bishop NC, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, Walsh NP, Gleeson M (1999) The effects of carbohydrate supplementation on immune responses to a soccer-specific exercise protocol. J Sports Sci 17: 787-96.
19 Utter AC, Kang J, Nieman DC, Williams F, Robertson RJ, et al. (1999) Effect of carbohydrate ingestion and hormonal responses on ratings of perceived exertion during prolonged cycling and running. Eur J Appl Occup Physiol 80: 92-9.
20 Eijnde BO, Hespel P (2001) Short-term creatine supplementation does not alter the hormonal response to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 449-53.
21 Branch JD, Schwarz WD, Van Lunen B (2007) Effect of creatine supplementation on cycle ergometer exercise in a hyperthermic environment. J Strength Cond Res 21: 57-61.
22 Maglischo, Erenst W (1993) Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
23 Vandenberghe K, Gillis N, Van Leemputte M, Van Hecke P, Vanstapel F, et al. (1996) Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading. J Appl Physiol 80: 452-7.
24 Welmore JH, costill DL (2014) Physiology of Sport and Exercise, 2nd edition.
25 Gleeson M, Nieman D.C, Pederson BK (2004) Exercise, nutrition, and immune function. J Sports Sci 22: 115-25.
26 Walker G.J, Finlay O, Griffiths H, Sylvester J, Williams M, et al. (2007) Immunoendocrine response to cycling following ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 1554-60.
27Slivka D, Hailes W, Cuddy J, Ruby B (2008) Caffeine and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise when in negative energy balance: effects on performance, metabolism, and salivary cortisol. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33: 1079-85.