Figure 1: Methodological strategy
Source: elaborated by the authors (2023)
Figure 2: Selection of puppies for research
Source:elaborated by the authors (2023)
Figure 3: Evolution of offspring weight from 7th to 60th day of life
Note:values are means ± SEM. Number of animals per group = 8
Figure 4: Plasma antioxidant capacity determined by the FRAP method in adult male rats exposed to in utero malnutrition and ethanol, alone and in association.
Note:values are means ± SEM. Number of animals per group = 8
Figure 5: Degree of oxidative stress in offspring of adult male rats exposed to in utero malnutrition and ethanol, alone and in combination.
Note:values are means ± SEM. Number of animals per group = 8

Period

Treatment groups

P-value

C (n=5)

M (n=5)

E (n=5)

EM (n=5)

Day 0 of pregnancy

266.2 ± 5.7

255.0 ± 35.0

267.5 ± 7.3

282.3 ± 9.3

> 0.05

7th day of pregnancy

275.0 ± 6.7

239.3 ± 33.3

281.1 ± 6.3

257.3 ± 18.2

> 0.05

14th day of pregnancy

295.0 ± 8.3

225.3 ± 28.6*

290.5 ± 4.1

264.6 ± 20.5

< 0.05*

21st day of pregnancy

333.0 ± 11.3

243.3 ± 24.9*

332.3 ± 9.2

299, 3 ± 24.1

< 0.05*

Table 1: Maternal body weight in grams (g)
Malnutrition = rats that received 50% of food in relation to control per day during pregnancy.
Ethanol = rats that received 10% ethanol in drinking water during pregnancy.
Data expressed as mean ± SD. P < 0.05 in relation to the control and ethanol groups.
* Statistical signicance.

Period

Treatment groups

P-value

C (n=5)

M (n=5)

E (n=5)

EM (n=5)

th
7 day of pregnancy

23.8 ± 1.0

-

15.3 ± 0.6 *

-

< 0.05*

th
14 day of pregnancy

24.7 ± 1.1

-

16 , 6 ± 0.5 *

-

< 0.05*

st
21 day of pregnancy

26.0 ± 1.2

-

19.0 ± 0.4 *

-

< 0.05*

Table 2: Maternal food intake values during treatments (values in grams)
Malnutrition = rats that received 50% of food in relation to control per day during pregnancy.
Ethanol = rats that received 10% ethanol in drinking water during pregnancy.
Data expressed as mean ± SEM. P < 0.05 in relation to the control groups.
* Statistical significance. Number of animals per group: 8.

Period

Treatment groups

P-value

C (n=5)

M (n=5)

E (n=5)

EM (n=5)

th
7 day of pregnancy

33.2 ± 2.2

30.3 ± 0.3

20.6 ± 2.4 *

25.0 ± 2.2 *

< 0.05*

th
14 day of pregnancy

41.7 ± 3.1

35.5 ± 0.5

29.5 ± 0.8 *

31.5 ± 0.9 *

< 0.05*

st
21 day of pregnancy

47.0 ± 1.2

40.6 ± 2.5

29.9 ± 0.8 *

36.0 ± 3.4 *

< 0.05*

Table 3: Maternal water intake values (in mL)
Malnutrition = female rats receiving 50% of rations in relation to control during pregnancy.
Ethanol = rats that received 10% ethanol in drinking water during pregnancy.
Data expressed as mean ± SD. P < 0.05 in relation to control and malnutrition groups.
* Statistical significance.