1 D Glinoer, PDE Nayer, P Bourdoux (1990) “Regulation of maternal thyroid during pregnancy,” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:
276-87.
2 F Delange (2007) “Iodine requirements during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period and indicators of optimal iodine nutrition,” Public Health Nutr 10: 1571-80.
3 Glinoer D (1997) “The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy: pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to
pathology,” Endocr Rev 18: 404-33.
4 MH Abel, TIM Korevaar, I Erlund (2018) “Iodine Intake is Associated with Thyroid Function in Mild to Moderately Iodine Deficient Pregnant Women,” Thyroid 28: 1359-71.
5 M Moleti, B Di Bella, G Giorgianni (2011) “Maternal thyroid function in different conditions of iodine nutrition in pregnant women exposed to mild-moderate iodine deficiency: an observational study,” Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 74: 762-8.
6 G Morreale de Escobar, MJ. Obregon, F Escobar del Rey (2000) “Is neuropsychological development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal hypothyroxinemia?,” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3975-87.
7PE Pedraza, MJ Obregon, HF Escobar-Morreale (2006) “Mechanisms of adaptation to iodine deficiency in rats: thyroid status is
tissue specific. Its relevance for man,” Endocrinology 147: 2098-108.
8 D Glinoer (2007) “The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy,” Public Health Nutr: 1542-6.
9 Y Chen, W Chen, C Du (2019) “Iodine Nutrition and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women Exposed to Different Iodine
Sources,” Biol Trace Elem Res 190: 52-9.
10 EK Alexander, EN Pearce, GA Brent (2017) Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum,” Thyroid 27: 315-89.
11 M Medici, TI Korevaar, WE Visser (2015) “Thyroid function in pregnancy: what is normal?,” Clin Chem 61: 704-13
12 J Lazarus, RS Brown, C Daumerie (2014) European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children,” Eur Thyroid J 3: 76-94.
13 Solberg HE (2004) “The IFCC recommendation on estimation of reference intervals. The RefVal program,” Clin Chem Lab
Med 42: 710-4.
14 F Azizi, L Mehran, A Amouzegar (2013) “Establishment of the trimester-specific reference range for free thyroxine index,” Thyroid 23: 354-9.
15L Mehran, A Amouzegar, H Delshad (2013) “Trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones in Iranian pregnant women,” J Thyroid Res 651-517.
16 S Nazarpour, F Ramezani Tehrani, M Simbar et al (2018) “Establishment of trimester-specific reference range for thyroid hormones during pregnancy,” Clin Biochem 53: 49-54.
17A Amouzegar, E Ainy, M Khazan (2014) “Local versus international recommended TSH references in the assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy,” Horm Metab Res 46: 206-10.
18 M Kianpour, A Aminorroaya, M Amini (2019) “Reference Intervals for Thyroid Hormones During the First Trimester of Gestation: A Report from an Area with a Sufficient Iodine Level,” Horm Metab Res 51: 165-71.
19 H Delshad, A Raeisi, Z Abdollahi (2021) “Iodine supplementation for pregnant women: a cross-sectional national interventional study,” J Endocrinol Invest 44: 2307-14.
20 H Delshad, M Touhidi, Z Abdollahi(2016) “Inadequate iodine nutrition of pregnant women in an area of iodine sufficiency,” J
Endocrinol Invest 39: 755-62.
21 RM Gilbert, NC Hadlow, JP Walsh (2008) “Assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy: first-trimester (weeks 9-13) reference intervals derived from Western Australian women,” Med J Aust 189: 250-3.
22 LLin, XL Zhang, Y Long (2014) “Analysis of thyroid peroxidase antibody in early pregnancy,” Genet Mol Res 13: 5107-14.
23 T Mannisto, HM Surcel, A Ruokonen (2011) “Early pregnancy reference intervals of thyroid hormone concentrations in a thyroid antibody-negative pregnant population,” Thyroid 21: 291-8.
24 E Berta, L Samson, A Lenkey (2010) “Evaluation of the thyroid function of healthy pregnant women by five different hormone
assays,” Pharmazie 65: 436-9.
25 QW Wang, RP Huang (2011) “Assessment of thyroid function during pregnancy: the advantage of self-sequential longitudinal
reference intervals,” Arch Med Sci 7: 679-84.
26 Azizi F, Delshad H, Amouzegar A (2008) “Marked Reduction in Goiter Prevalence and Eventual Normalization of Urinary Iodine Concentrations in Iranian Schoolchildren, 10 Years after Universal Salt Iodination (Third National Survey of Iodine Deficiency Disorders 2000),” IJE 10: 191-203.
27 Shelor CP, Dasgupta PK (2011) “Review of analytical methods for the quantification of iodine in complex matrices,” Anal
Chim Acta 702: 16-36.
28 Y Fuse, Y Shishiba, M Irie (2013) “Gestational changes of thyroid function and urinary iodine in thyroid antibody-negative Japanese women,” Endocr J 60: 1095-6.
29 P Karakosta, L Chatzi, E Bagkeris (2011) “First- and Second-Trimester Reference Intervals for Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy in "Rhea" Mother-Child Cohort, Crete, Greece,” J Thyroid Res 490-783.
30 D Zhang, K Cai, G Wang (2011) “Trimester-specific reference ranges for thyroid hormones in pregnant women,” Medicine
(Baltimore) 98: 14245.
31 C Castillo, N Lustig, P Margozzini (2018) “Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Reference Ranges in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in an Iodine-Sufficient Country,” Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 33: 466-72.
32 HJ Kim, YY Cho, SW Kim (2018) “Reference intervals of thyroid hormones during pregnancy in Korea, an iodine-replete
area,” Korean J Intern Med 33: 552-60.
33 AB Khalil, BT Salih, O Chinengo (2018) “Trimester specific reference ranges for serum TSH and Free T4 among United Arab
Emirates pregnant women,” Practical Laboratory Medicine.
34 MD Ollero, M Toni, JJ Pineda (2019) “Thyroid Function Reference Values in Healthy Iodine-Sufficient Pregnant Women and
Influence of Thyroid Nodules on Thyrotropin and Free Thyroxine Values,” Thyroid 29: 421-9.
35 I Dominguez, S Reviriego, G Rojo-Martinez (2004) “Iodine deficiency and thyroid function in healthy pregnant women.,” Med
Clin (Barc) 122: 449-53.
36 R Rostami, A Beiranvend, J Nourooz-Zadeh (2012) “Nutritional iodine status in gestation and its relation to geographic features in Urmia County of northwest Iran,” Food Nutr Bull 33: 267-72.
37 R Rostami, A Beiranvand, H Khakhali (2012) “Evaluation of Accessibility of Iodinated Salt and Nutritional Iodine Status during Pregnancy,” Iran J Public Health 41: 56-60.
38 M Rebagliato, M Murcia, M Espada (2010) “Iodine intake and maternal thyroid function during pregnancy,” Epidemiology 21:
62-9.
39 R Stricker, M Echenard, R Eberhart (2007) “Evaluation of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: the importance of using gestational age-specific reference intervals,” Eur J Endocrinol 157: 509-14.
40 L Habimana, KE Twite, C Daumerie (2014) “High prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women in Lubumbashi,
Democratic Republic of Congo,” Thyroid 24: 568-75.
41 R Bhattacharyya, K Mukherjee, A Das (2015) “Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity during early pregnancy is associated
with pregnancy complications and maternal morbidity in later life,” J Nat Sci Biol Med 6: 402-5.
42EN Pearce, E Oken, MW Gillman (2008) “Association of first-trimester thyroid function test values with thyroperoxidase antibody status, smoking, and multivitamin use,” Endocr Pract 14: 33-9.
43 AR McNeil, PE Stanford (2015) “Reporting Thyroid Function Tests in Pregnancy,” Clin Biochem 36: 109-26.
44 B Goel, P Goel, J Kaur (2021) “Reference Levels for TSH in Iodine-Sufficient Low-Risk Pregnant Women,” J Obstet Gynaecol
India 71: 596-9.
45 GM Escobar, MJ Obregon, FE Rey (2007) “Iodine deficiency and brain development in the first half of pregnancy,” Public
Health Nutr 10: 1554-70.
46 FVermiglio, VP Lo Presti, MG Castagna (2012) “Increased risk of maternal thyroid failure with pregnancy progression in an iodine deficient area with major iodine deficiency disorders,” Thyroid 9: 19-24.
47 M Moleti, VP Lo Presti, F Mattina (2009) “Gestational thyroid function abnormalities in conditions of mild iodine deficiency:
early screening versus continuous monitoring of maternal thyroid status,” Eur J Endocrinol 160: 611-7.