The Treatment of Symptoms in Atopic Dermatitis as a Superantigen Disease

Atopic dermatitis affects the skin of patients, as well as other organs, causing rash, intestinal tract and cervical spine disorder. This disease is aided by Staphylococcus aureus, which is an underlying factor producing a toxin (superantigens) to aid the onset and exacerbation of Atopic dermatitis (AD). This research proposed a treatment for the symptoms of the disease – skin rash, intestinal tract and cervical spine disorders. The treatment proposed (by the use of combined disinfectants) proofed effective for the treatment of skin rash. The researchers hope that this treatment will be adopted by health practitioners. Further study could look into the treatment of skin rash, along with intestinal tract and cervical spine disorders.

Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Superantigen; Disinfectant; IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB

In atopic dermatitis skin barrier mechanism is destroyed, is a disease that causes chronic a variety of symptoms in atopic dermatitis to receive a lot of stimulus from there. There is a susceptibility to infection in one of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis [1-4]. Kobayashi, et al. reported that Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the onset and exacerbation of AD [5]. Regarding the disorder of organs other than the skin of patients with AD, Yamada, et al. of Kinki University reported colitis by biopsy, Kino, et al. of Kansai Medical University reported jejunitis of infants by ultrasonic diagnosis, and Kira, et al. of Kyushu University reported atopic myelitis [6-8]. Ito, et al. checked the neurologic findings and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with AD, they reported that AD might become a risk factor in disc degeneration [9]. From the skin in the patients of moderate or severe AD, Staphylococcus aureus has been detected 100%. Staphylococcus aureus produce toxins at a high frequency. Some strains produce several toxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A (B, C, E), toxic shock syndrome toxin and exfoliative toxin A (B). The toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus act as superantigen [10]. In patients with AD there are many reports that there is a correlation between changes in the severity of AD and the transition of levels of IgE antibodies to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEB) [11-14].

In addition to the conventional treatment with topical steroids and moisturizing agents for AD patients the researchers treated Staphylococcus aureus using disinfectants, such as Isodine^® solution [15-19]. As a result, short term improvements in patients’ skin rash were seen. The researchers hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus, acting as a superantigen, is the underlying cause of the disorder of many organs including the skin, in patients with AD. For the presence or absence of the patient to the organ involvement other than the skin of AD, to those who wish to such inspection, authors carried out duodenal biopsy and or the neurological study. The toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Also, total IgE and IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB during the course treatment of patients with AD were measured.

Staphylococcus aureus produces many kinds of toxins. The detection rate of toxins was 80.1% from 196 Staphylococcus aureus strains [15]. Staphylococcus aureus was detected on newborn patients’ skins who developed AD. In addition, the researchers discovered that IgE antibodies to SEA and SAB were positive in the serum of babies with AD, a few months after birth. In the study during the treatments proposed for rash, IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB in patients were improving. Researchers reported duodenitis in 43 cases in duodenal biopsies of patients with AD of the 53 cases. Along with the improvement of the rash by Staphylococcal disinfection skin care method for AD that developed, of 12 patients with repeated duodenum biopsies, the duodenitis was normalized in five cases [15].

Using MRI, and also observed an abnormality in the cervical spine of 54 patients of 69 AD patients who showed a neurological abnormality. It was observed that 21 patients of the 32 AD patients in the damage of both the duodenum and the cervical spine. Results revealed that Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was able to sterilize 25 cases out of all cases that were detected MRSA in this treatment from the patient’s skin of AD and is reported in their Japanese Paper [17].

Kobayashi, et al. reported that Staphylococcus aureus is involved in the onset and exacerbation of atopic dermatitis [5]. IgE antibody titers to the toxin which is produced by Staphylococcus aureus is able to reflect the pathogenesis of AD as shown in a number of reports [11-14]. Regarding the failure of organs other than the skin in patients with AD, Yamada, et al. reported colitis in patients with AD, Kira, et al. reported cervical spine inflammation in patients with AD [7,9]. Kino, et al. reported inflammation in the colon of infants with AD [8]. Treatment improved skin rash in these cases, as well as in the inflammation of the colon. Ito, et al. reported the neurologic findings and MRI of patients with AD, they concluded that AD might become the risk factor in disc degeneration [10]. Results reported that the rate of disorder of the duodenum and the cervical spine in patients with AD is high.

The researchers developed a treatment method using a combination of disinfection therapy and Isodine® solution against Staphylococcus aureus, which causes skin rash, intestinal tract and cervical spine disorder in AD patients. Improvements were recorded regarding rash in many of the cases. Previously authors, reported duodenitis in 43 cases in duodenal biopsies of patients with AD of the 53 cases. Along with the improvement of the rash by Staphylococcal disinfection skin care method for AD that was developed, of 12 patients with repeated duodenum biopsies, the duodenitis was normalized in five cases [17]. Authors identified neurological abnormalities in 89 patients of 110 AD patients. Using MRI, they had also observed an abnormality in the cervical spine of 54 patients of 69 AD patients who showed a neurological abnormality. Authors had also observed 21 patients of the 32 AD patients in the damage of both the duodenum and the cervical spine.

Results found that Staphylococcus aureus in the skin of patients with AD produces toxin at a high rate. Newborns with AD have skins infected with Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, research revealed that IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB were positive in the serum of patients with AD, a few months after birth. In patients with AD there are many reports of correlation between changes in the severity of the transition and presence of IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB [11-14]. In cases where improvement of rash by our treatment was recorded, the number of cases of IgE antibodies to SEA and SEB value correlated with the total IgE value.

Ochi, et al. reported that superantigen is involved in disorders of the cervical spine. Already in the United States, bleach bath therapy is incorporated into the treatment guidelines of AD, and the need for Staphylococcus aureus measures are coordinated to the treatment. The authors hope the treatment to minimize the effects of the toxins that Staphylococcus aureus is produced. In the treatment of AD, the treatment method in which we have combined to common treatment methods of treatment to deal with the disinfection of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed is amazing in that regard.

Last year, authors had reported for the first time in the world that AD may be one of the Superantigens Diseases [21]. The Journal of Pharmaceutical Microbiology titled Staphylococcus aureus vs. AD published in April 2016 was published [22].

Since it has been demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus in the onset or aggravation factors of AD are involved, in the future, we are sure the treatment that we have developed as a treatment to AD to be taken up by health practitioners. The treatment proposed (use of combined disinfectants) in this study alleviated skin rash in patients with AD. This treatment can also be chosen for the treatment of patients involved of MRSA as well as Staphylococcus aureus, which is detected from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. The authors hope that health practitioners would look into the proposed treatment method and adopt it.